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Acronyms
· A Comparison of the Acronyms used by Manufacturers http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php?type=cam
· Characterization of adrenal masses (less than 5 cm) by use of chemical shift MR imaging: observer performance versus quantitative measures http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/165/1/91
· Comparison of Delayed Enhanced CT and Chemical Shift MR for Evaluating Hyperattenuating Incidental Adrenal Masses http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/243/3/760
· Effect of Echo Time Pair Selection on Quantitative Analysis for Adrenal Tumor Characterization with In-Phase and Opposed-Phase MR Imaging: Initial Experience http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/1/140
· Incidental Adrenal Lesions: Principles, Techniques, and Algorithms for Imaging Characterization Radiology December 2008
à The
chemical shift phenomenon can be measured quantitatively by calculating the
ADRENAL-TO-SPLEEN CHEMICAL SHIFT RATIO. This represents the lesion-to-spleen
signal intensity ratio on Opposed-Phased images divided by the lesion-to-spleen
signal intensity ratio on In-Phase images. A chemical shift ratio of less than
0.71 indicates a lipid-rich adenoma. Alternatively the ADRENAL SIGNAL INTENSITY
INDEX can be calculated & a measurement of more than 16.5% is also
consistent with a lipid-rich adenoma. This index (percentage) is calculated as
[(SIIP – SIOP)/SIIP] x 100, where SIIP and SIOP are the signal intensities
measured on in-phase and opposed-phase images, respectively. However, these
quantitative techniques are cumbersome to calculate and not often used in
clinical practice. Most radiologists evaluate any chemical shift change
visually or qualitatively, and this has been reported to be as effective as
quantitative methods.
· Biliary Atresia in Neonates and Infants: Triangular Area of High Signal Intensity in the Porta Hepatis at T2-weighted MR Cholangiography with US and Histopathologic Correlation http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/215/2/395
· Imaging of Biliary Tract Inflammation: An Update http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/4/984
· MR Cholangiopancreatography Features of the Biliary Tree After Liver Transplantation AJR July 2008
· Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: MR Imaging Findings and Description of MR Imaging Periportal Halo Sign http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/176/4/885
· MR Imaging Features of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Patterns of Cirrhosis in Relationship to Clinical Severity of Disease http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/226/3/675
· Radiologic Manifestations of Sclerosing Cholangitis with Emphasis on MR Cholangiopancreatography http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/20/4/959
· Pelvic Bone Complications After Radiation Therapy of Uterine Cervical Cancer: Evaluation with MRI http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/4/987
· Pitfalls in MR Image Interpretation Prompting Referrals to an Orthopedic Oncology Clinic http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/3/805
· Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Spectrum of Imaging Findings http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/2/W168
· Diffusion-weighted Imaging in the Abdomen and Pelvis: Concepts and Applications Radiographics October 2009
· Diffusion-Weighted MRI in the Body: Applications and Challenges in Oncology AJR June 2007
· Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of Female Pelvic Tumors: A Pictorial Review Radiographics May 2009
· Diffusion-Weighted MRI of Peritoneal Tumors: Comparison With Conventional MRI and Surgical and Histopathologic Findings—A Feasibility Study AJR August 2009
·
Whole-Body
Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Cancer: Current Status and Research Directions
Radiology
December 2011
· Renal Masses: Characterization with Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging—A Preliminary Experience Radiology May 2008
· Renal Lesions: Characterization with Diffusion-weighted Imaging versus Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging Radiology May 2009
· Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Surgically Resected HCC: Imaging Characteristics and Relationship Among Signal Intensity, ADC, and Histopathologic Grade AJR August 2009
· Respiratory-Triggered Versus Breath-Hold Diffusion-Weighted MRI of Liver Lesions: Comparison of Image Quality and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/4/915
· Focal Liver Lesion Detection and Characterization with Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging: Comparison with Standard Breath-hold T2-weighted Imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/246/3/812
· High-b Value Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Detecting Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Preliminary Results http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/2/409
Gadolinium
· Added Value of Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced Hepatobiliary Phase MR Imaging in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Radiology May 2010
· Contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography with Gd-EOB-DTPA in patients with liver cirrhosis: visualization of the biliary ducts in comparison with patients with normal liver parenchyma European Radiology 2008
· Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls in MR Imaging with Hepatocyte-specific Contrast Agents October 2011 RadioGraphics, 31, 1547-1568
· Normal Dynamic MRI Enhancement Patterns of the Upper Abdominal Organs: Gadoxetic Acid Compared With Gadobutrol (AJR 2009)
· Respiratory-triggered 3D T2-weighted MRCP after Injection of Gadoxetate Disodium: Is It Still Reliable? (Radiology 5/10)
· Which Study When? Iodinated Contrast-enhanced CT Versus Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/249/1/9
· Which Study When? Is Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging Safer than Iodine-enhanced CT? http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/249/1/3
· Incidence of Immediate Gadolinium Contrast Media Reactions AJR February 2011
· MR appearance of normal and abnormal bile: Correlation with imaging and endoscopic finding
à The
signal intensity of bile in the gallbladder and bile duct is variable and
depends on the concentration of water, cholesterol, and bile salts. In the
non-fasting state, recently excreted bile usually appears predominantly bright
on T2-weighted images and hypointense on T1-weighted images, similar to free
water. In the fasting state, both the T1 and T2 relaxation times of the
concentrated bile are shortened due to the restricted motion of water molecules
that are bound to macromolecules in concentrated bile. A layering effect is
often seen with the concentrated hyperintense and hypointense bile in the
dependent portion of the gallbladder on T1- and T2-weighted images,
respectively.
· MRI of Gallstones with Different Compositions AJR
· MR Imaging of the Gallbladder: A Pictorial Essay Radiographics
· Acute Cholecystitis: MR Findings and Differentiation from Chronic Cholecystitis http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/244/1/174
· Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening: Differential Diagnosis http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/2/495
· MR Imaging of the Gallbladder: A Pictorial Essay, Feb 2008 http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/28/1/135
· Small, asymptomatic angiomyolipomas of the kidney http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/reprint/154/1/7
· A Practical Approach to the Cystic Renal Mass http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/24/suppl_1/S101
· Follow-Up CT of Moderately Complex Cystic Lesions of the Kidney (Bosniak Category IIF) http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/181/3/627
· Renal Cell Carcinoma: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging for Differentiation of Tumor Subtypes—Correlation with Pathologic Findings http://radiology.rsna.org/content/250/3/793.full
· Renal Cell Carcinoma: T1 and T2 Signal Intensity Characteristics of Papillary and Clear Cell Types Correlated with Pathology http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/6/1524
· Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Primer of How We Do It http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/6/1558
· MRI and CT Characteristics of Successfully Ablated Renal Masses: Imaging Surveillance After Radiofrequency Ablation http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/6/1571
· Common and Uncommon Histologic Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Imaging Spectrum with Pathologic Correlation http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/26/6/1795
· How I Do It: Evaluating Renal Masses http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/236/2/441
· Management of the Incidental Renal Mass http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/249/1/16
·
Genetics
and Imaging of Hepatocellular Adenomas: 2011 Update October 2011
RadioGraphics, 31, 1529-1543
à
Hepatocellular
adenomas are currently categorized into three distinct genetic and pathologic
subtypes: (a) inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas, (b) hepatocyte
nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF-1α)–mutated hepatocellular adenomas, and (c)
β-catenin–mutated hepatocellular adenomas.
à Inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma is the
most common subtype and accounts for about 40%–50% of all hepatocellular
adenomas.
à HNF-1α–mutated hepatocellular
adenomas are the second most common type of hepatocellular adenoma and
constitute about 30%–35% of all hepatocellular adenomas.
à β-Catenin–mutated hepatocellular adenomas constitute about
10%–15% of all hepatocellular adenomas and are due to activating mutations of
the β-catenin gene.
· Hepatocellular adenoma management and phenotypic classification: The Bordeaux experience Hepatology Volume 50, Issue 2,pages 481–489, August 2009
· Multiple Hepatic Adenomas Associated with Liver Steatosis at CT and MRI: A Case-Control Study http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/5/1430
· Does Variant Hepatic Artery Anatomy in a Liver Transplant Recipient Increase the Risk of Hepatic Artery Complications After Transplantation? http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/183/6/1577
· The hepatic artery: a reminder of surgical anatomy http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/Journal/vol46_3/4630008.htm
· Preoperative Hepatic Vascular Evaluation with CT and MR Angiography: Implications for Surgery http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/24/5/1367
· Enlargement of the Hilar Periportal Space http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/2/699
· The Right Posterior Hepatic Notch Sign http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/1/317
· Hemangioma in the Cirrhotic Liver: Diagnosis and Natural History http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/219/1/69
· Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Dysplastic Nodules in Patients with Cirrhosis: Prospective Diagnosis with MR Imaging and Explantation Correlation http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/219/2/445
· Importance of Small (less than or equal to 20-mm) Enhancing Lesions Seen Only during the Hepatic Arterial Phase at MR Imaging of the Cirrhotic Liver: Evaluation and Comparison with Whole Explanted Liver http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/237/3/938
· MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Cirrhotic Liver: Challenges and Controversies http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/247/2/311
· Diagnosis of Hepatic Metastasis: Comparison of Respiration-Triggered Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar MRI and Five T2-Weighted Turbo Spin-Echo Sequences 11/08 http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/5/1421
· Focal Liver Lesion Detection and Characterization with Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging: Comparison with Standard Breath-hold T2-weighted Imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/246/3/812
à DW
images with low b values are similar to T2-weighted black-blood images, in
which background signal of vessels in the liver parenchyma is suppressed, while
higher b values give diffusion information that helps with FLL characterization.
à Lesion characterization.—The following criteria were used: A lesion was considered benign (mostly cyst and hemangioma) if the lesion was hyperintense on T2-weighted images and on DW images at b = 0 sec/mm2, with a strong signal intensity decrease at b = 500 sec/mm2 and an ADC that was subjectively higher than that of the liver. A lesion was considered malignant (mostly metastasis or HCC) if the lesion was mildly to moderately hyperintense on T2-weighted images and on DW images at b = 0 sec/mm2 and remained hyperintense compared with liver parenchyma at b = 500 sec/mm2, with an ADC qualitatively lower than that of the surrounding liver. A lesion was considered indeterminate if the above criteria were not met (eg, if there was a partial signal intensity decrease or isointense ADC).
· Assessment of Low Signal Adjacent to the Falciform Ligament on Contrast-Enhanced MRI http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/189/6/1443
· Fatty Liver Disease: MR Imaging Techniques for the Detection and Quantification of Liver Steatosis http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/29/1/231
· Fatty Liver: Imaging Patterns and Pitfalls http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/26/6/1637
· Quantification of Liver Fat Content: Comparison of Triple-Echo Chemical Shift Gradient-Echo Imaging and in Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/250/1/95
· Sparing of Fatty Infiltration Around Focal Hepatic Lesions in Patients with Hepatic Steatosis: Sonographic Appearance with CT and MRI Correlation http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/4/1018
· AJR Teaching File: Hypervascular Metastasis or Hepatic Hemangioma? http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/6_Supplement/S53
· Characteristic MRI Signal and Enhancement Patterns of Focal Liver Lesions http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content-nw/full/190/6_Supplement/S53/TBL1
· Focal Hepatic Lesions: Diagnostic Value of Enhancement Pattern Approach with Contrast-enhanced 3D Gradient-Echo MR Imaging http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/25/5/1299
· Hepatic Hemangiomas with Arterioportal Shunt: Sonographic Appearances with CT and MRI Correlation http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/187/4/W406
· Hepatic lesions: discrimination of nonsolid, benign lesions from solid, malignant lesions with heavily T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/204/3/729
· Hypervascular Liver Lesions on MRI. AJR August 2011 vol. 197 no. 2 W204-W220
· Perilesional Enhancement of Hepatic Metastases: Correlation between MR Imaging and Histopathologic Findings-Initial Observations http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/215/1/89
· Accurate Differentiation of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia from Hepatic Adenoma at Gadobenate Dimeglumine–enhanced MR Imaging: Prospective Study http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/236/1/166
· Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: Morphologic and Functional Information from MR Imaging with Gadobenate Dimeglumine http://radiology.rsna.org/content/221/3/731.full
· Hepatic Hemangiomas with Arterioportal Shunt: Findings at Two-Phase CT http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/219/3/707
· AASLD Practice Guideline; Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112136248/HTMLSTART
· Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Indeterminate or False-Negative Findings at Initial MR Imaging: Effect on Eligibility for Curative Treatment—Initial Observations http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/244/3/776
· Hemochromatosis and Liver Iron Quantification http://www.radio.univ-rennes1.fr/Sources/EN/Hemo.html
· Hepatic Iron Deposition in Patients With Liver Disease: Preliminary Experience With Breath-Hold Multiecho T2*-Weighted Sequence http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/193/5/1261
· Parenchymal versus reticuloendothelial iron overload in the liver: distinction with MR imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/179/2/361
· Quantification of Hepatic Iron Deposition in Patients With Liver Disease: Comparison of Chemical Shift Imaging With Single-Echo T2*-Weighted Imaging http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/194/5/1288
· Hepatic Arterial Chemoembolization for Management of Metastatic Melanoma http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/1/99
·
Imaging
Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Response to Locoregional and Systemic
Therapy AJR July 2013
· Pre-, Peri-, and Posttreatment Imaging of Liver Lesions Radiol Clin N Am 43 (2005) 915 – 927
· Recent Advances in Transarterial Therapy of Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies Feb 2008 http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/28/1/101
· Review article- Liver ablation therapy http://bjr.birjournals.org/cgi/content/full/77/921/713
· Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/4/993
· Presence of Coronary Plaques in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease http://radiology.rsna.org/content/254/2/393.full
· Liver segmental anatomy http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/4375bb8dc241d
· Definition of the Couinaud Segments http://dpi.radiology.uiowa.edu/nlm/app/livertoc/liver/8seg.html
· Transient Hepatic Intensity Differences: Part 1, Those Associated with Focal Lesions http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/1/154
· Transient Hepatic Intensity Differences: Part 2, Those Not Associated with Focal Lesions http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/1/160
· Complications of Liver Transplantation: Multimodality Imaging Approach http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/5/1401
· Liver Transplantation; Harrison’s Online Chapter 304 http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aid=2881770
· MR Lymphography of Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Lymphatic Vessels http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/189/5/1051
· Celiac Artery Compression by the Median Arcuate Ligament: A Pitfall of End-expiratory MR Imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/228/2/437
à We
conclude that when celiac artery compression syndrome is suspected on the
basis of end-expiratory imaging, findings should be correlated with
clinical history and results of physical examination and, if clinically
indicated, confirmed with imaging at end inspiration. In patients
suspected of having mesenteric ischemia, imaging of the abdominal aorta should
be performed exclusively at end inspiration.
· Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: Evaluation with CT Angiography http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/25/5/1177
· Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Patients with Malignancy: Findings at MRI Radiology July 2003
· Active Crohn Disease: CT Findings and Interobserver Agreement for Enteric Phase CT Enterography Radiology December 2006
· Bowel Wall Thickening in Patients with Crohn's Disease. CT Patterns & Correlation with Inflammatory Activity; Clinical Radiology (2003) 58:68-74
· Classification of SB Crohn's subtypes based on multimodality imaging. Radiol Clinics of NA Vol 41, Issue 2, Mar 2003, Pg 285-303
· Comparison of MR Enteroclysis with MR Enterography and conventional enteroclysis in patients with Crohn’s disease; Eur Radiol (2008) 18: 438–447
· Crohn’s disease: factors associated with exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation Gut 2008:57:1524-1529
· Crohn Disease: Mural Attenuation and Thickness at Contrast-enhanced CT Enterography—Correlation with Endoscopic and Histologic Findings of Inflammation Radiology February 2006
· Crohn Disease of the SB: Comparison of CT Enterography, MR Enterography, & SBFT as Diagnostic Techniques Radiology March 2009
· Crohn Disease with Endoscopic Correlation: Single-Shot FSE & Gadolinium-enhanced FS Spoiled GRE MRI Radiology March 2002
· Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the Bowel Wall for Assessment of Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease AJR October 2011
· Grading luminal Crohn's disease: Which MRI features are considered as important? Eur J Radiology June 2011
· Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of disease activity in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review European Radiology 2009 Vol 19
· MRI Evaluation of Inflammatory Activity in Crohn's Disease AJR June 2005
· MR Enterographic Manifestations of Small Bowel Crohn Disease Radiographics March 2010
· MR Enterography in the Management of Patients with Crohn Disease Radiographics October 2009
· MR Imaging Evaluation of the Activity of Crohn's Disease AJR December 2001
· MR imaging of the small bowel in Crohn's disease Eur J Radiology Volume 69, Issue 3 , Pages 409-417, March 2009
· Mural Attenuation in Normal Small Bowel and Active Inflammatory Crohn's Disease on CT Enterography: Location, Absolute Attenuation, Relative Attenuation, and the Effect of Wall Thickness AJR Feb 2009
· Mural Inflammation in Crohn Disease: Location-Matched Histologic Validation of MR Imaging Features Radiology September 2009
· Non-perforating small bowel Crohn's disease assessed by MRI enterography: Derivation and histopathological validation of an MR-based activity index. Eur J Radiology 2011
· Prospective Comparison of State-of-the-Art MR Enterography and CT Enterography in Small-Bowel Crohn's Disease AJR July 2009
· Retrospective comparison of magnetic resonance imaging features and histopathology in Crohn's disease patients Eur J Radiology Feb 2011
· Role of MRI in Crohn's disease Clinical Radiology April 2009
· Small bowel imaging in Crohn's disease Frontline Gastroenterol 2012
· Spiral CT demonstration of hypervascularity in Crohn disease: “vascular jejunization of the ileum” or the “comb sign” Abdominal Imaging 1995 Vol 20, #4, Pg 327-332
· Utility of High-Resolution MR Imaging in Demonstrating Transmural Pathologic Changes in Crohn Disease Radiographics October 2009
· Adult celiac disease: MRI findings. Abdom Imaging. 2007 Jul-Aug
· A Pattern Approach to the Abnormal Small Bowel: Observations at MDCT and CT Enterography AJR May 2007
· Behaviour of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease Gut 2001
· Duodenal Abnormalities at MR Small-Bowel Follow-Through AJR Oct 2008
· Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies The Lancet May 2007
· MRI of the Small Bowel. Radiol Clin NA 45 (2007) 317-331
· MRI of the small bowel with oral contrast or nasojejunal intubation in Crohn's disease: Randomized comparison of patient acceptance Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology,2008; 43: 44-51
· MRI SBFT: Prone Versus Supine Patient Positioning for Best Small-Bowel Distention & Lesion Detection AJR Aug 2008
· Radiation Doses from Small-Bowel Follow-Through and Abdominopelvic MDCT in Crohn's Disease AJR November 2007
· Small Bowel Magn Reson Imaging Clin NA 13 (2005) 331-348
· Small Bowel MRI- 1.5T versus 3T; MRI Clinics 2007
· The Comb Sign Radiology March 2004
· The epidemiology and natural history of Crohn’s disease in population-based patient cohorts from North America: a systematic review Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics January 2002
· The Target Sign: Bowel Wall Radiology February 2005
· Updating magnetic resonance imaging of small bowel: Imaging protocols and clinical indications World J Gastroenterol. 2008 June 7
· European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: definitions and diagnosis Gut 2006:55:i1-i15
· Role of Magnetic Resonance Enterography in the Management of Crohn Disease Arch Surg. 2010;145(5):471-475.
· Risk of Intestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study From Olmsted County, Minnesota Gastroenterology Vol 130, Issue 4, April 2006, 1039-1046
· MR Enteroclysis in the Diagnosis of Small-Bowel Neoplasms Radiology March 2010
· MR Enterography of SB Lymphoma: Potential for Suggestion of Histologic Subtype & Presence of Underlying Celiac Disease AJR Feb 2008
· Active Crohn Disease: CT Findings and Interobserver Agreement for Enteric Phase CT Enterography Radiology December 2006
· Multi–Detector Row CT of the Small Bowel: Peak Enhancement Temporal Window—Initial Experience May 2007 Radiology.
· Mural Attenuation in Normal Small Bowel and Active Inflammatory Crohn's Disease on CT Enterography: Location, Absolute Attenuation, Relative Attenuation, and the Effect of Wall Thickness AJR February 2009
MR Urography
· MR Urography (AJR 2010)
· MR Urography: Techniques and Clinical Applications (Radiographics 2008)
· Renal disease, gadolinium-based mr contrast agents, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
· Gadodiamide-Associated Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Why Radiologists Should Be Concerned http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/2/586
· Gadolinium: A 'necessary factor' in the development of NSF? http://www.auntminnie.com/index.asp?Sec=sup&Sub=mri&Pag=dis&ItemId=75171
· Incidence of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis at Two Large Medical Centers http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/3/807
· Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Retrospective Study of a Renal Replacement Therapy Cohort http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/245/1/168
· Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis after Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Exposure: Case Series of 36 Patients http://radiology.rsna.org/content/253/1/81.full
· Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Possible Association with a Predisposing Infection http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/4/1069
· Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Risk Factors and Incidence Estimation http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/243/1/148
· Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis and Gadolinium: A Perfect Storm http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/4/1150
· Risk of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Evaluation of Gadolinium Chelate Contrast Agents at Four American Universities http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/3/799
· The International Center for Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy Research (ICNFDR) http://www.icnfdr.org/
· Anatomic Distribution of Posterior Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis on MRI After Vaginal and Rectal Gel Opacification http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/6/1625
· Endometriosis of the Posterior Cul-De-Sac: Clinical Presentation and Findings at Transvaginal Ultrasound http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/6/1618
·
Endometriosis:
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Radiographics January 2001
à Lesions with degenerated blood products, including methemoglobin and concentrated protein, appear with high-signal-intensity areas on T1- and T2-weighted images. A common and important feature of an endometrioma is “shading” (ie, loss of signal within the lesion), which can be seen on T2-weighted images. This shading reflects the chronic nature of an endometrioma and helps differentiate it from other blood-containing lesions. Blood products within these cysts are the result of cyclic bleeding accumulating over months to years. These chronic lesions are very viscous, with extremely high concentrations of iron and protein. At these high concentrations, protein cross-linking can occur, with a consequent decrease in T2-relaxation time. All of these factors may contribute to shading.
à Shading is present when a cyst that is hyperintense on a T1-weighted image becomes hypointense on a T2-weighted image. Although the T2-weighted image often shows mixed high and low signal intensity, findings can be quite variable. Shading can range from faint, dependent layering to complete signal void, reflecting the concentration of blood products. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages combined with the fibrous nature of the cyst wall give it a low-signal-intensity appearance on both T1- and T2-weighted images.
à Looking at both the multiplicity and signal intensity of lesions, Togashi et al found that a “definitive” diagnosis of an endometrioma was made when a cyst was hyperintense on T1-weighted images and shading was observed on T2-weighted images. The diagnosis was also “definitive” when multiple hyperintense cysts were seen on T1-weighted images regardless of their signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In their study, MR imaging yielded an overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. Because these cysts contain blood products of different ages and concentrations, cyst appearance can be variable.
à The most problematic lesions to differentiate are hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts, whose MR imaging appearance can be similar to that of endometriomas. Hemorrhagic cysts are usually unilocular as opposed to endometriomas, which are frequently multilocular and bilateral. In addition, hemorrhagic cysts do not exhibit shading on T2-weighted images and will resolve with time.
· Posterior Cul-de-Sac Obliteration Associated with Endometriosis: MR Imaging Evaluation http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/234/3/815
· Susceptibility-Weighted MRI of Endometrioma: Preliminary Results http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/5/1366
·
The
Shading Sign Radiology July 2002
à The classic description of an endometrioma at US is that of a cystic mass with diffuse low-level echoes. The findings at computed tomography (CT) are more varied, and endometriomas may appear solid. The MR imaging criteria for diagnosis are either multiple cysts with hyperintensity on T1-weighted images or one or more cysts with hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity (shading) on T2-weighted images. With these criteria, MR imaging has a diagnostic accuracy of 91%–96%, a sensitivity of 90%–92%, and a specificity of 91%–98%. MR imaging has been found to be more specific than either US or CT.
· Unusual Imaging Appearances of Endometriosis http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/192/6/1632
· Persistent Unilocular Ovarian Cysts in a General Population of Postmenopausal Women: Is There a Place for Expectant Management? http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/full/102/3/589
· Radiological Reasoning: Imaging Characterization of Bilateral Adnexal Masses http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/187/3_Supplement/S460
· Risk of Malignancy in Unilocular Ovarian Cystic Tumors Less Than 10 Centimeters in Diameter http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/full/102/3/594
· Characterization of Adnexal Mass Lesions on MR Imaging http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/180/5/1297
· CT and MR Imaging of Ovarian Tumors with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/1305
· Developing an MR Imaging Strategy for Diagnosis of Ovarian Masses http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/26/5/1431
·
Imaging of the
ovary and adnexa: clinical issues and applications of MR imaging. Radiology January 1995
à The most specific signs of endometriomas on MR images are multiple adnexal masses of very high signal intensity on short TR/TE images or any cystic mass that has very high signal intensity on short TR/TE images and low signal intensity on long TR/TE images. On the basis of these criteria, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of endometrioma varies from 90% to 92% and the specificity varies from 91% to 98%. When one considers, however, just hemorrhagic masses identified by means of their shortened Ti, the accuracy is lower: 76%. Profound T2 shortening and corresponding low signal intensity on T2-weighted images occurs uncommonly in functional ovarian cysts or other adnexal masses except endometriomas.
· Recognition of the Ovaries and Ovarian Origin of Pelvic Masses with CT http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/24/suppl_1/S133
·
Tissue
Characterization in the Female Pelvis by Means of MR Imaging Radiology July 1999
à The most common and specific appearance of endometrioma is a relatively homogeneous, high-signal-intensity cyst on T1-weighted images with low signal intensity on T2-weighted images (termed “shading”). Endometrial cysts are very hyperintense on T1-weighted images, similar to fat. The reasons for the characteristic low signal intensity of endometriomas on T2-weighted images may be related to their high iron content, which is 10–20 times the concentration of whole blood. Sugimura et al found that 15 endometriomas had an iron concentration between 320 and 5,720 μg/dL (57 and 1,024 μmol/L), while the iron content of whole blood varied between 40 and 175 μg/dL (7 and 31 μmol/L). Increasing iron content of endometriomas corresponds with higher signal intensity on T1-weighted images and lower signal intensity on T2-weighted images relative to the signal intensity of muscle.
à A single ovarian lesion with high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images could either represent an endometrioma, hemorrhagic cyst, or ovarian neoplasm. Multiple or bilateral adnexal lesions, cul-de-sac lesions, or a dilated fallopian tube with high signal intensity on T1-weighted images favor the diagnosis of endometriosis.
à Hemorrhagic functional cysts and corpus luteum cysts.—High signal intensity on T1-weighted images in an ovarian cyst is not diagnostic of an endometrioma and is commonly seen in functional cysts. Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts are not uncommon in premenopausal women. MR imaging findings suggestive of a corpus luteum cyst include a unilateral, unifocal ovarian lesion and the presence of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The reason for the relative high signal intensity on T2-weighted images within hemorrhagic functional and corpus luteum cysts (as opposed to the lower signal intensity on T2-weighted images within endometriomas) presumably relates to the lower protein and iron content of the former, which results in minimal T2 shortening. Unlike endometrial cysts, corpus luteum cysts contain a layer of luteinized cells that line the cyst wall and that can appear thickened on MR imaging studies.
· Autoimmune Pancreatitis Associated with Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis AJR Oct 2003
· Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Pancreatic & Extrapancreatic MRI- MRCP Findings at Diagnosis, after Steroid Therapy, & at Recurrence Radiology Aug 2011
· Renal Involvement in Patients with Autoimmune Pancreatitis: CT and MR Imaging Findings Radiology March 2007
· Managing Incidental Findings on Abdominal CT: White Paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee JACR Oct 2010
· Asymptomatic Pancreatic Cyst Neoplasms: Maximizing Survival & Quality of Life Using Markov-based Clinical Nomograms Gastroenterology Feb 2010
· Case 136: IPMN (Main Duct Type) of the Pancreas Radiology August 2008
· Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas AJR June 2011 Imaging & Demographic Features of Most Common Pancreatic Cystic Tumors
à
Pancreatic cysts can be morphologically
classified into four categories:
1. Unilocular cysts (cysts without septation or a solid component)—pancreatic pseudocyst, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and mucinous cystadenoma. Pseudocyst and IPMN are the two most common entities in this category, but there are other possibilities, such as oligocystic serous cystadenoma, lymphoepithelial cyst, and cystic islet cell neoplasm.
2. Microcystic lesions (collection of microcysts)—serous cystadenoma.
3. Macrocystic lesions (multilocular cysts with fewer compartments, each > 2 cm)—mucinous cystadenoma, IPMN, and lymphoepithelial cyst.
4. Cysts with solid components, i.e., mucinous cystic neoplasm (mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma)—IPMN, solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm, and solid neoplasms that may show cystic degeneration (adenocarcinoma and islet cell tumors).
· Cystic Pancreatic Lesions: A Simple Imaging-based Classification System for Guiding Management Radiographics November 2005
· Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study Gastroenterology 2004
· Imaging Diagnosis of Cystic Pancreatic Lesions: Pseudocyst versus Nonpseudocyst Radiographics May 2005
· International consensus guidelines for management of IPMNs & mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas Pancreatology 2006
· IPMN of the Pancreas: Can Benign Lesions Be Differentiated from Malignant Lesions with Multidetector CT? Radiographics November 2005
· Macrocystic neoplasms of the pancreas: CT differentiation of serous oligocystic adenoma from mucinous cystadenoma & IPMN AJR Nov 2006
·
MR Imaging of Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas Radiographics October 2009
à Cystic lesions of the pancreas may be divided into two categories: (a) primary cystic lesions, which include pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas, various mucin-containing cysts (mucinous nonneoplastic cysts, mucinous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms), and lymphoepithelial cysts, and (b) various solid neoplasms undergoing cystic changes (ductal adenocarcinoma with cystic features, pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas, and cystic neuroendocrine tumors). Primary cystic lesions are more common than solid neoplasms with cystic changes.
·
Mucinous Nonneoplastic Cyst of the Pancreas: A Novel
Nonneoplastic Cystic Change? Modern
Pathology 2002
à Cystic tumors of the pancreas may be either neoplastic or nonneoplastic. The predominant neoplastic types are intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms, serous cystic adenomas, and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. The remaining cystic tumors (the term cystic tumor denotes any cystic lump, regardless of whether it is neoplastic or not) comprise neoplasms, such as acinar cystadenocarcinomas, cystic endocrine tumors, dermoid cysts, and ductal adenocarcinomas with cystic features. They also include nonneoplastic lesions, such as lymphoepithelial cysts and other types that have been given various names but are poorly characterized. Recently, we observed a special type of cystic lesion of the pancreas composed of mucinous cells that were not supported by an ovarian-like stroma and did not show any obvious neoplastic potential. Here we report the clinicopathological features of a series of five cases of these recently observed, novel cystic lesions of the pancreas.
· Pancreatic Cysts 3 cm or Smaller: How Aggressive Should Treatment Be? Radiology March 2006
· Pancreatic Cysts: Depiction on Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo MR Images Radiology May 2002
· Radiologic Spectrum of IPMT of the Pancreas Radiographics March 2001
· Relative Accuracy of CT and MRI for Characterization of Cystic Pancreatic Masses AJR September 2007
· Slight Dilatation of the Main Pancreatic Duct & Presence of Pancreatic Cysts as Predictive Signs of Pancreatic CA: A Prospective Study Radiology March 2010
· Uneven fatty replacement of the pancreas: evaluation with CT http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/194/2/453
·
Blueberry juice:
preliminary evaluation as an oral contrast agent in gastrointestinal MR
imaging. Radiology Jan 1995
· MR Pancreatography: A Useful Tool for Evaluating Pancreatic Disorders http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/19/1/5
· Acute Pancreatitis: Assessment of Severity with Clinical and CT Evaluation http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/223/3/603
· Assessment of Chronic Pancreatitis: Utility of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging with Secretin Enhancement http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/250/1/103
· Disconnection of the Pancreatic Duct: An Important But Overlooked Complication of Severe Acute Pancreatitis http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/5/1389
· Imaging of Acute Pancreatitis AJR August 2011 vol. 197 no. 2 W221-W225
· MRI of Pancreatitis and Its Complications: Part 1, Acute Pancreatitis http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/183/6/1637
· MRI of Pancreatitis and Its Complications: Part 2, Chronic Pancreatitis http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/183/6/1645
· CT Assessment of Resectability (The Radiology Assistant)
· Normal Anatomy and Disease Processes of the Pancreatoduodenal Groove: Imaging Features AJR 2004
· Assessment of Chronic Pancreatitis: Utility of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging with Secretin Enhancement Radiology January 2009
· Dynamic Secretin-enhanced MR Cholangiopancreatography Radiographics May 2006
· MR Imaging of the Pancreas: A Pictorial Tour Radiographics January 2002
· Pancreatic duct: morphologic and functional evaluation with dynamic MR pancreatography after secretin stimulation Radiology May 1997
· Secretin-enhanced MR Cholangiopancreatography: Spectrum of Findings Nov-Dec Radiographics 2013
· Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography for Evaluation of Vascular Complications of the Pancreatic Transplant Radiographics May 2005
· Dynamic MR Imaging of the Pelvic Floor: a Pictorial Review Radiographics May 2009
· Functional Imaging of the Pelvic Floor Radiology January 2011
· MRI of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Dynamic True Fast Imaging with Steady-State Precession Versus HASTE http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/2/352
· Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Assessment with Combined Analysis of Static and Dynamic MR Imaging Findings http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/2/518
· Role of Static and Dynamic MR Imaging in Surgical Pelvic Floor Dysfunction http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/28/4/949
· MR Imaging Classification of Perianal Fistulas and Its Implications for Patient Management Radiographics March 2000
· MR Imaging Evaluation of Perianal Fistulas: Spectrum of Imaging Features Radiographics January 2012
· Overcoming Artifacts from Metallic Orthopedic Implants at High-Field-Strength MR Imaging and Multi-detector CT http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/3/791
· Simple Changes to 1.5-T MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Protocols to Optimize Results at 3 T http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/2/W140
· Current MR Imaging Lipid Detection Techniques for Diagnosis of Lesions in the Abdomen and Pelvis Radiographics May 2013
· A Graphical Simulator for Teaching Basic and Advanced MR Imaging Techniques http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/6/e27
· Taxonomy of MR Imaging Sequences http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/e24/DC1
· Biliary Abnormalities Associated with Portal Biliopathy: Evaluation on MR Cholangiography http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/4/W341
· Congenital and Acquired Anomalies of the Portal Venous System http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/22/1/141
· Extrahepatic Portal Biliopathy: Proposed Etiology on the Basis of Anatomic and Clinical Features
· Portal Venous System Aneurysms: Imaging, Clinical Findings, and a Possible New Etiologic Factor http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/189/5/1023
· Varices in portal hypertension: evaluation with CT http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/reprint/15/3/609
· Imaging the Pregnant Patient for Nonobstetric Conditions: Algorithms and Radiation Dose Considerations http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/6/1705
· MRI of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/191/2/364
· Fast MR Imaging in Obstetrics http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/22/3/563
· Endorectal MRI of Prostatic and Periprostatic Cystic Lesions and Their Mimics AJR
· Role of MRI in Follow-Up After Focal Therapy for Prostate Carcinoma AJR June 2010
· Imaging Prostate Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Perspective http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/243/1/28
· Prostate MRI and 3D MR Spectroscopy: How We Do It AJR June 2010
· Subtraction Imaging: Applications for Nonvascular Abdominal MRI http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/4/1018
· Abdominal MR imaging: comparison of T2-weighted fast and conventional spin-echo, and contrast-enhanced fast multiplanar spoiled gradient- recalled imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/186/3/803
· Comparison of breath-hold fast spin-echo and conventional spin-echo pulse sequences for T2-weighted MR imaging of liver lesions http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/194/2/431
· Single Breath-Hold T2-Weighted MR Imaging of the Liver. Value of Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo and Multishot Spin-Echo Echoplanar Imaging http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/174/5/1423
· Detection of focal hepatic lesions with MR imaging: prospective comparison of T2-weighted fast spin-echo with and without fat suppression, T2-weighted breath-hold fast spin-echo, and gadolinium chelate-enhanced 3D gradient-recalled imaging http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/166/5/1115
· Effect of T1 Shortening on T2-Weighted MRI Sequences: Comparison of Hepatic Mass Conspicuity on Images Acquired Before and After Gadolinium Enhancement http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/190/5/1318
· Liver Lesion Conspicuity: T2-weighted Breath-hold Fast Spin-Echo MR Imaging before and after Gadolinium Enhancement—Initial Experience http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/219/2/455
· Steady-State MR Imaging Sequences: Physics, Classification, and Clinical Applications http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/28/4/1147
· Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before Liver Transplantation: A Prospective Study with Histopathologic Comparison http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/186/5_Supplement/S296
· A Systematic Approach to the Interpretation of Preoperative Staging MRI for Rectal Cancer AJR December 2008
· Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Tumor Response for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Predicts Survival Outcomes: MERCURY Experience JCO August 2011
· ACR Guidance Document on MR Safe Practices: 2007
· Cost Utility Analysis of Radiographic Screening for an Orbital Foreign Body before MR Imaging AJNR 2000
· MRI Safety Update 2008: Part 1, MRI Contrast Agents and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
· MRI Safety Update 2008: Part 2, Screening Patients for MRI
· MRI Safety Website- Frank Shellock
· MR Imaging of Scrotal Tumors and Pseudotumors Radiographics May 2010
· US–MR Imaging Correlation in Pathologic Conditions of the Scrotum http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/5/1239
·
CT and MRI of Congenital Anomalies of the
Seminal Vesicles http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/189/1/130
Imaging of the Seminal Vesicle and Vas Deferens http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/29/4/1105.full
· Benign Fibrous Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of the Mesentery: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/26/1/245
· MR Imaging of Soft-Tissue Masses of the Extraperitoneal Spaces http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/21/5/1141
· Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/245/1/43
· MRI of Focal Splenic Lesions Without and With Dynamic Gadolinium Enhancement http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/186/6/1533
· Primary Vascular Neoplasms of the Spleen: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/24/4/1137
· MRI of the Thymus AJR July 2011
· Thymic Hyperplasia and Thymus Gland Tumors: Differentiation with Chemical Shift MR Imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/243/3/869
· MR Imaging and US of Female Urethral and Periurethral Disease (Radiographics 2010)
· MRI of Female Urethral and Periurethral Disorders (AJR 2004)
· Adenomyosis: Usual and Unusual Imaging Manifestations, Pitfalls, and Problem-solving MR Imaging Techniques Radiographics January 2011
·
MRI
Characteristics of the Uterine Junctional Zone: From Normal to the Diagnosis of
Adenomyosis AJR
May 2011 p1206-1213
· MRI Findings of Adenomyosis: Correlation with Histopathologic Features & Diagnostic Pitfalls Jan 2005 RadioGraphics,25,21-40
· Evaluation of the Woman With Postmenopausal Bleeding; Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Sponsored Consensus Conference Statement http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/10/1025
· Imaging the Endometrium: Disease and Normal Variants http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/21/6/1409
· Endometrial Polyps: MR Imaging Features and Distinction from Endometrial Carcinoma http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/214/1/47
· Uterine Fibroid Vascularization and Clinical Relevance to Uterine Fibroid Embolization http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/25/suppl_1/S99
· Uterine Leiomyomas: Histopathologic Features, MR Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/19/5/1179
· Müllerian Duct Anomalies: Comparison of MRI Diagnosis and Clinical Diagnosis http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/189/6/1294
· MR Imaging Diagnosis of Uterovaginal Anomalies: Current State of the Art http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/23/5/e13
· Müllerian Duct Anomalies: Imaging and Clinical Issues http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/233/1/19
· PDF: The Role of 3D US & MRI in the Diagnosis of Mullerian Duct Anomalies, JUM 2008
· CT and MRI of Uterine Sarcomas and Their Mimickers http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/181/5/1369
· MRI of Malignant Neoplasms of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/188/6/1577
· Endometrial Evaluation with Transvaginal US and Hysterosonography in Asymptomatic Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Tamoxifen http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/220/3/765
· Tamoxifen-induced Uterine Abnormalities: The Role of Imaging http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/214/1/29